The Most Common Heart Disease Explained

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. While there are various types of cardiovascular diseases, the most common and potentially life-threatening is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This blog aims to help you understand CAD—its causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options—so you can take informed steps to protect your heart.

As a practicing cardiologist, I have treated hundreds of patients with coronary artery disease at Chandan Heart Institute, and I believe awareness is the first step towards prevention and better heart health.

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary Artery Disease occurs when the coronary arteries—the major blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle—become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. This plaque is made up of cholesterol, fat, and other substances. Over time, this buildup (called atherosclerosis) restricts blood flow, which can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attacks, and other serious complications.

Common Symptoms of CAD

Coronary artery disease often develops over decades and may go unnoticed until it causes a major event like a heart attack. However, some early warning signs include:

• Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue with exertion
• Pain in the arm, neck, jaw, or back
• Heart palpitations or irregular heartbeats

If you experience any of these symptoms—especially if they are triggered by physical or emotional stress—it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of coronary artery disease:

High Cholesterol Levels

Excess LDL ("bad" cholesterol) in the blood can lead to plaque formation in the arteries.

High Blood Pressure

Uncontrolled hypertension damages the artery walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.

Smoking

Tobacco use damages the arteries and lowers oxygen in the blood, increasing the risk of CAD.

Diabetes

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart disease due to high blood sugar levels damaging blood vessels.

Sedentary Lifestyle

Lack of physical activity contributes to obesity, high blood pressure, and poor heart health.

Unhealthy Diet

A diet high in saturated fats, salt, and processed foods accelerates plaque buildup.

Genetics and Family History

If you have a family history of heart disease, your risk is significantly increased.

Diagnosis and Tests

At Chandan Heart Institute, we use advanced diagnostic tools to detect CAD early, including:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
• Echocardiogram
• Treadmill Stress Test (TMT)
• Coronary Angiography
• CT Coronary Angiogram

These tests help us assess the condition of your heart and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment Options

The treatment for coronary artery disease depends on the severity of the blockage and symptoms:

Lifestyle Changes

• Adopting a heart-healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Quitting smoking
• Managing stress

Medications

• Cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins)
• Blood pressure medications
• Blood thinners to prevent clotting
• Nitrates to relieve chest pain

Prevention is Better Than Cure

The good news is that coronary artery disease is largely preventable. With regular check-ups, early diagnosis, and simple lifestyle modifications, you can dramatically lower your risk of developing CAD.

If you are concerned about your heart health or have a family history of heart disease, I invite you to visit Chandan Heart Institute. Together, we can design a preventive plan tailored to your needs.

Take charge of your heart today. A healthier heart means a longer, more active life. Dr. Gaurav Yadav

Your heart deserves the best care. Stay informed. Stay healthy.